Description: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine with broad biological activity, primarily produced by activated inflammatory cells. Its main action is on lymphocytes. IL-12 is a key determinant in Th1 cell-mediated immune responses, effectively promoting the production of Th1-type cytokines such as IFN-γ, while inhibiting the production of Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, thereby suppressing Th2 responses. A reduction or absence of IL-12 leads to a Th2-dominant immune response. Additionally, IL-12 can induce the production of various cytokines, including IFN-γ and IL-10. IL-12 is the most potent inducer of IFN-γ production in T lymphocytes, particularly activated T cells and NK cells. Many of IL-12’s in vivo effects are mediated through the induction of IFN-γ production. The biological activity of IL-12 is mediated through IL-12 receptors on T cells and NK cells. This product is derived from a mammalian cell expression system (HEK293) containing the gene for human IL-12, which is fermented, isolated, highly purified, and then lyophilized. It consists of a p40 subunit of 306 amino acid residues and a p35 subunit of 197 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of 75 kDa. Source: HEK293